Recognising masked faces is a challenge in security contexts such as crowd surveillance and criminal investigations. Congruency-based approaches that emphasise the alignment between the encoded and retrieved facial features can improve masked face recognition. In two experiments (total N = 275), we tested how suboptimal viewing conditions, such as those encountered in real-world scenarios, can affect such congruency effects.
Participants completed a face recognition task using low-resolution, naturalistic images. They viewed full or masked faces at encoding and test, resulting in four conditions (full-full, masked-masked, full-masked, masked-full). Recognition accuracy was modest (
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