As the conflict between Saudi Arabia and the Iran-backed Houthi militia in Yemen continues to escalate, Saudi Arabia's most important national priorities are increasingly at risk. On Tuesday, the Houthis hit the headquarters of Aramco, the Saudi state-owned oil company in Dhahran. On Wednesday, the Houthis vowed to continue attacks on Saudi airports and oil facilities, and on Thursday a cruise missile was intercepted over the Medina region.
While it remains unclear who launched it, the mere attempt raises questions about Saudi Arabia's role as guardian of Islam's holiest places, the Saudi cities of Mecca and Medina. Following last weekend's Houthi attacks that killed more than a dozen people and injured more than 300 at Riyadh's King Khalid International Airport, tourists and potential investors are keenly aware of the growing uncertainty over travel and security in the kingdom. Several airlines suspended flights to Riyadh and the airport was expected to remain closed through at least October 17, according to media reports published earlier this week.
Saudi Arabia's Future Investment Initiative, an economic summit that usually draws foreign leaders and key players in business to the country, plans to offer remote participation instead of hosting attendees on site. "The hostilities between the Houthis and the Saudi government challenge Riyadh's image of stability and security amid the wider US-Iran war," said Timothy E. Kaldas, deputy director of the Washington-based think tank Tahrir Institute for Middle East Policy.
"The attacks on Saudi Arabia also threaten Riyadh's efforts to diversify the economy," Kaldas told DW, noting that these ambitions depend on potential tourists viewing the kingdom as a safe destination. Since the US and Israel launched strikes on Iran in February, Tehran, and later the Iran-aligned Houthis in Yemen, have been targeting Saudi Arabia, a close ally of the United States. Saudi Arabia also supports the Yemeni government in its fight against the Houthis with airstrikes in Houthi-held areas of Yemen.
A decade ago, Saudi Arabia launched Vision 2030, a sweeping economic and social reform plan, to reduce the kingdom's reliance on oil and transform its economy and society. "Saudi Arabia is pursuing a highly nationalist 'Saudi-First' policy, aimed at propelling the nation to the global forefront as an aviation power, a hub for artificial intelligence and a major tourism destination," Simon Wolfgang Fuchs, a professor at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, told DW. Fuchs views the Houthi attacks as a significant blow to these ambitions and the financial resources available to pursue them.
Pauline Raabe, a senior analyst at the Berlin-based Middle East Minds think tank, points out that Saudi Arabia urgently needs to find a solution that shields its population from the conflict while limiting the economic damage and reputational costs. "It is a race against time," she told DW, even though the conflict between Saudi Arabia and the Houthis is no new occurence. Saudi Arabia supported the Yemeni government in its war against the Houthis between 2015 and 2022.
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