The United States military says its warships will conduct an operation to clear mines laid by Iran in the Strait of Hormuz. In a statement released on Saturday, Central Command (CENTCOM), which has responsibility for US military operations in the Middle East, said the mission would be undertaken by guided missile destroyers USS Frank E Peterson and USS Michael Murphy and would aim to establish a “safe pathway” for the free flow of global commerce after Iran’s near-closure of the waterway since the war the US and Israel launched on Iran on February 28. On Wednesday after the announcement of a two-week ceasefire to allow for talks between the US and Iran, Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) released a map of the Strait of Hormuz showing what it said was a safe route for ships to follow through the strait.
The map appears to direct ships farther north towards the Iranian coast and away from the traditional route closer to the coast of Oman. In a statement, the IRGC said all vessels must use the new map for navigation due to “the likelihood of the presence of various types of anti-ship mines in the main traffic zone”. One-fifth of the world’s oil and liquefied natural gas (LNG) supplies had been shipped through the Strait of Hormuz before the war.
Even a single mine, experts said, is enough to compel operators to assume a wider threat, in effect invalidating insurance and shutting down their use of the waterway. Naval mines have been described as the most cost-effective weapons in modern warfare. According to an analysis by the Philadelphia-based Foreign Policy Research Institute (FPRI), sophisticated modern mines can be manufactured for tens of thousands of dollars, yet they can impose economic and strategic costs that are orders of magnitude higher.
Iran’s stockpile is estimated by maritime analysts to number 2,000 to 6,000 mines, a significant portion of which are produced domestically. These weapons generally fall into three categories, based on how they interact with their targets: There is no clear answer. The Iranians have not officially disclosed whether or where they have placed mines, stating only that there may be mines in the strait.
The fact that US warships are currently searching for mines suggests Washington does not know the location of possible mines either. If deployed, however, military analysts at the Washington Institute for Near East Policy noted that the placement of these mines is likely to have been strategically calculated to exploit the geography of the Gulf, forcing international traffic into narrow, vulnerable channels. As the map released by the IRGC last week showed, Iran is clearly directing shipping traffic to travel much closer to its coast than it had done before.
Speaking to Al Jazeera, Alexandru Cristian Hudisteanu, a retired Romanian naval officer and MARSEC (the North American three-tiered maritime security system) professional, explained that in wargaming scenarios, systematic mining is used to deny access to specific water spaces. But he warned that the physical location of mines matters less than the psychological effect they induce. The political tensions surrounding the Strait of Hormuz have reached a fever pitch.
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