In 2014, a large systematic map found that relational factors were amongst the most frequently reported facilitators of evidence use in policy. Since then, there has been a growth in evidence-use initiatives and research, many of which have attempted to address relational factors. In this timely updated map, we describe the current state of research about which factors influence evidence use in policy.
A search strategy combining ‘evidence’, ‘barriers and facilitators’ and ‘policy/policymakers’ was used to identify studies across 15 electronic databases between 2012 and 2022. Studies were screened for those that include empirical data about evidence use in policy. Data extraction enabled descriptive analyses characterising studies in terms of focus, topic area, setting, and types of factors influencing use.
Two thousand, one hundred and ninety-nine studies were included, a 20-fold increase over 10 years. The most commonly reported factors influencing use were the relevance of evidence, and then organisational (resources, skills, personnel and managerial support). A large number of studies reported on evidence-use interventions (n = 877) of which 379 were evaluations.
Findings may indicate a shift towards relational and systemic thinking about evidence use. There appears to be a growing recognition of the resourcing, work, time, and workforce required to embed evidence use within and between organisations. With this huge growth in the literature, particularly in new evidence use interventions being tested across policy sectors, continued review and mobilisation is necessary to effectively inform the design and implementation of evidence use interventions and research.
Independent reseacher: Erik Persson, Peter Jones. London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK Kathryn Oliver, Elizabeth McGill, Virginia Castellano Pleguezuelo, Léa Jaques, Moriasi Nyanchoka, Ramisha Rahman, Sarah Nájera Espinosa & Jane Falconer George Mason University https://science.gmu.edu/directory/k-l-akerlof University of Oregon https://education.uoregon.edu/directory/faculty/all/eaday University of York, York, United Kingdom The Basque Centre for Climate Change https://www.bc3research.org/en/people/staff/philip-martin/ The Basque Foundation for Science https://www.ikerbasque.net/en/philip-martin Kings College London https://www.dementiaresearcher.nihr.ac.uk/profile-dr-lesley-williamson-kings-college-london/ Bradford University https://www.bradford.ac.uk/staff/siqbal/ University of Edinburgh https://www.sps.ed.ac.uk/staff/julze-alejandre Oxford University, Oxford https://www.phc.ox.ac.uk/team/hannah-forde University of Southampton https://uk.linkedin.com/in/tara-lamont-40297024 University of Galway, Galway https://research.universityofgalway.ie/en/persons/elaine-toomey/ Faculty of Natural Sciences, Lúrio University, Pemba, Mozambique University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Oxford University, Oxford https://www.politics.ox.ac.uk/person/matthew-hepplewhite University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Axelle-Cordier Kings College London https://www.kcl.ac.uk/people/clare-j-fitzgerald University of Augusta, Texas https://www.augusta.edu/faculty/directory/view.php?id=LVONKLINGGRAEFF The authors declare no competing interests. No human participants were used in this research, so ethical approval was not sought.
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