Magadi, Kenya – For more than a century, soda ash has shaped life in Magadi, a remote town on the shores of Lake Magadi in Kenya’s Kajiado County. The mineral has brought exports, jobs and business. But for many people living around the lake, that activity has not brought enough opportunities or basic services.
The result is a complicated relationship with Tata Chemicals Magadi, the company that has mined soda ash there for generations. Now that relationship is under strain. The Kenyan government has suspended the company’s mining operations, and President William Ruto has ordered it to leave while a joint technical committee works with the company to resolve outstanding issues.
For Magadi, the dispute is also about what the community and Kenya have gained from a resource extracted there for more than a century. Commercial soda ash production in Magadi dates back to 1911. Tata Chemicals acquired the operation in 2005 and later renamed it Tata Chemicals Magadi Limited.
The company has become one of Kenya’s major soda ash exporters, with much of its production destined for international markets. It has also become part of everyday life in Magadi, providing jobs and supporting services including water, healthcare and education. But the government says its long history in the area does not exempt Tata from Kenya’s current mining laws.
Mining Cabinet Secretary Hassan Joho told Al Jazeera on September 11 that the regulatory environment changed after the 2010 Constitution and the Mining Act. He said a government-wide compliance audit found that Tata had not applied for a mineral right under the Mining Act and had instead relied on its land concessions. According to Joho, Tata made its first application for a mineral right on July 26, 2024, after which the government began engaging with the company over compliance.
He said the review also identified issues around mineral royalties, community development agreements, local processing, employment of Kenyan citizens, procurement of local goods and services, and outstanding matters with the Kajiado County government. The government says Kenya should get more value from the resource instead of mainly exporting it as a raw material. Ruto has made a similar argument, saying communities have not benefitted enough from the mineral extracted from Magadi.
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