After decades of predictive analytics and other specialized applications, advances in foundation models, physical AI, and agentic AI are making it possible to automate more complex tasks across industrial environments. But unlike AI that operates purely in the digital world, industrial AI can interact directly with physical systems, where an unexpected decision can have consequences for safety, reliability, and critical infrastructure. That makes responsible deployment central to the next wave of industrial automation.
The challenge is particularly acute as newer AI systems become more capable but also harder to predict and explain. One foundation for making that transition work is data. Industrial systems often contain information across telemetry, service logs, engineering documents, and other disparate sources.
Newer technologies can help connect and correlate that information more quickly, giving operators real-time support when diagnosing problems. AI-powered robots could take that a step further by gathering information in hazardous environments without requiring workers to enter them. But greater autonomy also requires new approaches to governance.
AVEVA’s framework for responsible AI emphasizes security, efficiency, and human safety and oversight. Garg argues that AI should augment rather than replace people in critical decision loops, with guardrails determining where automated systems can act and where human supervisors remain responsible. Sustainability is another part of that equation.
AI can help manage complex power systems as renewable generation grows, while organizations also need better ways to understand AI’s own environmental footprint. Garg is involved in an IEEE working group developing a standard methodology for measuring that impact across electricity, energy, resources, water, and carbon. The next phase could bring industrial AI further into the physical world, from autonomous robots and drones to AI-assisted coding that allows domain experts to build new applications.
But realizing that potential will require more than deploying new technology, says Garg. Organizations will need to rethink business processes, establish appropriate safeguards, and give experienced workers new ways to apply their expertise, creating a model of automation that is not only more autonomous, but safer, more efficient, and more sustainable. "In a way, that will make these types of operations more efficient, much safer for the human beings involved and more productive.” This episode of Business Lab is produced in partnership with AVEVA.
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