This article has been reviewed according to Science X's editorial process and policies. Editors have highlighted the following attributes while ensuring the content's credibility: A commercial lander that will be at the forefront of NASA's efforts to establish a moon base, humanity's first lunar outpost, has passed a series of critical tests at the agency's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California. The tests simulated the extreme temperatures and vacuum of space, as well as the intense shaking and ear-splitting roar of launch.
Results show that Voyager Technologies' Griffin Mission One (Griffin-1) spacecraft is ready to survive the rigors of space exploration. As part of NASA's CLPS (Commercial Lunar Payload Services) initiative within the Moon Base Program, Griffin-1 is expected to launch later this year aboard a SpaceX Falcon Heavy rocket. It will deliver more than 1,100 pounds (455 kilograms) of cargo to Nobile Crater near the lunar south pole, making it an infrastructure-class lander.
Griffin-1 will carry 10 science and technology demonstrations from six countries, including the largest commercial payload ever delivered to the moon, Astrolab's FLIP (FLEX Lunar Innovation Platform) rover. "NASA JPL's Environmental Test Laboratory has been putting robotic explorers to the test since the Ranger program gave us NASA's first up-close views of the moon's surface in the mid-1960s. We're proud to provide our expertise and facilities to support this new phase of commercial lunar exploration," said Charles Whetsel, manager of the Exploration Systems Development Office at JPL.
Testing began in July after the 2,789-pound (1,265-kilogram) spacecraft took a cross-country road trip from Voyager Lunar Systems' manufacturing facilities in Pittsburgh to JPL in the foothills of the San Gabriel Mountains. Engineers spun the spacecraft on a special table to measure its mass properties, a test that enables them to look for any unexpected wobbles as they assess how the lander will move through space. Data gathered in mass properties testing is key to understanding the spacecraft's readiness for navigation in flight and landing on the lunar surface.
To make sure signals from the spacecraft's electronic components don't interfere with one another, Griffin-1 underwent electromagnetic interference and electromagnetic compatibility testing inside what's called an anechoic chamber, in which long foam spikes line the walls to absorb sound and electromagnetic waves. During vibration testing, hundreds of sensors monitored Griffin-1 as a "shaker table" rattled it in three directions, with increasingly intense force, to simulate the ride out of Earth's atmosphere on a massive rocket. To mimic the roar of launch, giant horns, powered by compressed nitrogen gas, blasted the spacecraft with up to 153 decibels inside a sealed acoustic chamber.
Environmental testing took place in several clean-room facilities at JPL, culminating in the 25-Foot Space Simulator, a thermal vacuum chamber listed on the National Register of Historic Places for its role in supporting historic missions like those of the Ranger, Surveyor, Mariner and Voyager programs. Dozens of other missions (along with plenty of upgrades to the testing facility) have followed over the decades, including the Perseverance Mars rover and Europa Clipper. Discover the latest in science, tech, and space with over 100,000 subscribers who rely on Phys.org for daily insights. d research that matter—daily or weekly.
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