Chronic stress linked to everyday life may leave a lasting physical mark on the heart, potentially damaging cardiovascular health and shortening lifespan. That conclusion comes from a study of nearly half a million adults in the UK, led by researchers at the MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences (LMS) and Imperial College London. The researchers believe it is the largest study of its kind.
Their findings suggest that chronic inflammation, which is associated with lifestyle and socioeconomic circumstances, may contribute to harmful changes in the heart's structure. It was also linked to a greater risk of heart attack and stroke. Importantly, these changes may begin years before a person notices any cardiovascular symptoms, allowing the damage to build silently over time.
Hidden Inflammation May Change the Heart Professor Declan O'Regan, British Heart Foundation Chair of Cardiovascular AI at Imperial College London and Head of the Computational Cardiac Imaging Group at the LMS, said: "Our study, which is the largest of its kind, suggests that millions of people could be living with hidden inflammation, which is slowly changing their heart and causing long-term damage - increasing the risk of heart attack and stroke. Chronic inflammation is complicated, but we know it's tied to our health and driven by a range of lifestyle and economic factors - meaning people may be at more risk just because of their surroundings, their economic status, their family's health and their lifestyle." "But while tackling health inequalities remains an issue, there are things that we can do about inflammation, including reducing risk factors like smoking and obesity." Chronic inflammation occurs when the immune system remains mildly activated for long periods rather than switching off after an immediate threat has passed. This persistent, low-level immune activity has been associated with several diseases, including cancer and diabetes, and researchers increasingly suspect that it may also play an important role in heart disease.
For the new study, the team examined UK Biobank data from nearly 480,000 adults in the UK. They assessed inflammation using a blood marker called glycoprotein acetyls (GlycA) and combined those measurements with heart imaging and genetic information. A 43% Higher Risk of Heart Attack and Stroke People with the highest inflammation levels (the top 20%) had a 43% higher risk of heart attack and stroke than participants with the lowest levels (the bottom 20%).
The researchers also found signs that inflammation was associated with physical remodeling of the heart. People with higher inflammation tended to have thicker heart walls, smaller heart chambers and poorer heart filling - all changes which may develop quietly for years before progressing to heart failure. Inflammation was also strongly associated with socioeconomic disadvantage and psychological distress.
More familiar cardiovascular risk factors, including smoking and excess body fat, were linked to higher inflammation as well. People whose inflammation remained elevated over time had a 43% greater risk of heart attack and stroke, even when they had no previously existing heart disease. The findings suggest that inflammation may provide one biological route through which pressures from everyday life, including poverty and mental health problems, can affect the body and increase cardiovascular risk.
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